01
Class as a relationship
Classical sociology defines class by the relationship to the means of production, not by income level. The difference matters when reading any figure.
Collection 05
Society and critical thinking
Three works on the same question at different scales: how a belief is formed. The first looks at it from social structure; the second, from individual reasoning; the third, from the information ecosystem that connects them.
3 worksSpanish onlyINE · CIS · Eurostat · OECD dataGRA-I + APC
The argument
The sociology and the psychology of one problem
Nobody decides in a vacuum: you decide from a specific social position, with a cognitive apparatus that has well-documented shortcuts, inside an information environment that may be under deliberate manipulation. Separating those three layers is what makes it possible to act on any of them.
02
Measurable stratification
Disposable income, type of contract, sector and qualification produce a quantitative picture that can be checked against public sources.
03
Working conditions
It is not only pay: it is stability, autonomy, workload and recognition. Variables that explain more than is usually admitted.
04
Biases and fallacies
The catalogue of cognitive shortcuts that psychology systematised —Kahneman among others— applied to real arguments and real decisions.
05
Quality of evidence
Not every claim weighs the same. Scoring the evidence before the argument starts changes the outcome entirely.
06
Coordinated campaigns
Effective disinformation is rarely a stray hoax: it is an operation with objectives, a budget and metrics.
The method
GRA-I and APC
Manual de pensamiento crítico rests on two instruments that can be used separately: the Assertive Reasoning Guide for Intelligent people (GRA-I) and the Critical Thinking Algorithm (APC).
Together they turn a diffuse argument into a procedure: the decision is scoped, the evidence is assessed on a quality scale, the alternatives are scored against weighted criteria, and a reasoned decision is issued that fits on a single page.
If you cannot write your decision and its reasons on one page, you have not made it yet.
- Scope it What exactly is being decided, who decides, and by when. Half of all arguments dissolve right here.
- Assess the evidence Every claim gets a quality score based on its source, its verifiability and its independence.
- Score the alternatives Weighted criteria, applied equally to every option and fixed before you look at the results.
- Decide and record A one-page record with the decision, the assumptions, and the conditions under which it would have to be revisited.
The books
Three scales of analysis
Trabajo, clase social y bienestar laboral en España
An academic yet accessible manual on employability, inequality and social stratification
A rigorous and readable framework for understanding the relationship between type of work, class position and working conditions in contemporary Spain. It combines classical sociological analysis —class understood as a relationship to the means of production— with quantitative analysis of disposable income.
Sources: INE (ECV 2023, EES 2023, EPA), CIS (2022–2023), Eurostat and the OECD, with international benchmarks to put the Spanish figures in context.
Manual de pensamiento crítico
A practical guide to assertive reasoning
A method for making conscious decisions, defending a position and keeping a clear head in high-pressure environments. It covers the most common fallacies, the cognitive biases that make them work, and the structure of a well-built argument.
It comes with a practical reasoning guide and a web application that runs the procedure step by step until it produces the decision record.
Manual de lucha contra la desinformación
Detect, verify, respond
Strategies for countering disinformation on social media, where the speed and reach of platforms like Facebook, X or Instagram make false stories spread fast. Concrete verification procedures you can apply without being a journalist.
It includes a comparative report on the verification tools available today and what can realistically be expected from each of them.
Keep exploring
From judgement to practice: two programming courses built to learn by doing, chapter by chapter.